Quartz weighs about 6. The first and most obvious reason to extend your backsplash beyond the standard 4”-mark is protection; in this sense, quartz is the perfect material for your modern design. Quartz countertops are relatively bactericidal and easy to keep. Explore surface patterns, colours, and edges for a look that inspires! Complete your vision with upgrades such as cabinets, new appliances, backsplash, and more. This solid, non-porous material stands up to daily household wear and tear and provides a. One of the hardest. Over 30 colours in stock. If you must put something hot on your quartz countertops, use a trivet with padded feet. 2 pounds for the same size and thickness. All-white countertops and light marble and marble-look countertops and other surfaces remain popular. White Quartz Counter Top, Thickness: 1. Let us put your mind at ease. $40 to $100 per square foot. Slabs that are 1 or 1. Attractive appearance: For many buyers, the chief benefit of the quartz countertop is its natural luster. Black Galaxy Granite for Countertops. Stain resistant. White quartz countertops work wonders at making a small space appear larger than it really is. Color: White. Engineered Quartz is a tempting alternative to granite and marble as a kitchen countertop material. April 10, 2022. It is also nonporous, which means that it’s almost impossible for stains and bacteria to penetrate the surface. Calacatta quartz is timelessly elegant. With Depth And Color In Each Vein, You Can Enjoy Our Eco. An abundance of custom design options for endless style possibilities. Raphael Stone: One of the Top Quartz Brands. 2. Natural stone countertops in exotic, rare colors, as well as those quarried in distant parts of the world, will. Best of all, the darker surface of Black Pearl is ideal. Available in a wide range of colors and patterns, quartz typically ranks close in popularity to the perennial top. with installation. Since the 1980s, granite has been the material of choice for countertops in both bathrooms and kitchens. No. Granite. Mid-quality quartz: $65 to $75 per. The name Corian is the Dupont Corporation's brand name for its flagship solid surface countertop material. Consider Glass. Quartz. Pristine and elegant, quartz countertops are appearing more and more in homes and condos alike. Production began in early 2020, using the most advanced machinery and patented processes, and Elite has created over 150 new jobs. Quartz is a material that can closely resemble other types of natural stone. Quartz kitchen countertops are a beautiful and durable way to upgrade any kitchen. 112 matching items. Thus, the overall quartz countertop cost will be around $2000 to $4500. A waterfall countertop on the kitchen island is one of the most luxurious touches you can add to a contemporary kitchen design. Solid surface countertops come in hundreds of styles. When solid-surface material was introduced in the late 1960s by Dupont, it was regarded as a high-end countertop material. But styles featuring bold, dramatic sweeps of veining seem to be proliferating. Quartz agglomerate is a sheet material. The use of heating pads will further prolong the lifespan of the quartz countertop. “Quartz is a manmade stone that is composed of roughly 80% to 93% natural material mixed with pigments and resins, making it a very durable and low-maintenance option,” Kaercher says. Get Cambria. For those who crave the look of marble, minus the upkeep, Carrara Grigio Quartz is a beautiful choice. Quartz countertops are made from a special type of hard and durable natural stone. Its nearly endless range of color options allows you to visually tie an open kitchen to the surrounding living spaces like designer Caitlin Murray did here. While quartz comes in various colors, including products that closely resemble natural stone, the most popular colors are white and gray. Like granite countertops, quartzite is very hard and durable, takes the heat, does not. If your heart is set on a manufactured countertop like quartz or recycled glass, talk to the manufacturer first. Quartz never needs sealing, quartz doesn’t harbor. All in (materials plus installation) you can expect to pay. Here’s how to do it: Generously spritz the countertop with glass cleaner. Slightly more affordable for some materials. Albatros, Calacatta Hera, Calacatta Oceania. Viscont White: Naturally wild and white, this color is also one of the toughest granites available With this granite, you find luxury in white for your spaces. Vena Carbona quartz is an excellent option for anyone looking for a more neutral countertop. Like natural stone, quartz possesses a deep, rich appearance and a solid, rock-like feeling. Jul 15, 2022 Top 5 beautiful Quartz Countertops from VSB Surfaces Indian granite colors: Top 10 best granites from VSB SURFACES Jan 17, 2023. One benefit to a 2cm countertop is that it will weigh less and cost less to transport and install. One benefit of some types of countertops, such as quartz, is that they can have a variety of different appearances. 25,000 to 500,000. 5 mm. Contact us today to transform your home!Q Premium Quartz Countertops are available in a wide range of patterns, including realistic marble-looks, modern concrete-looks, and nature-inspired looks. The look of a classic white kitchen will never go out of style. If you want to install a quartz countertop that has the look of granite, 6270 Atlantic Salt Caesarstone is an ideal choice. White and cream quartz colors are classic and timeless, and will offer the most flexibility when it comes to complementing elements in a room. Step 3 The quartz is combined with polyester resins, pigments, and more. Quartz counters are durable and simple to keep clean and they will last a lifetime. Quartz countertops are an engineered mixture of quartz and resin, with other. Pros: Best for adding the beauty of stone to a low-traffic kitchen. CALACATTA QUARTZ. The top 5 brands of quartz countertop for your kitchen are a popular choice for homeowners who want a durable and low-maintenance surface. When it comes to Granite, as it is all naturally found, we get what we see. Pacific Salt looks stunning as a bathroom countertop with its beautiful creamy beige color infused with dark gray and tan veins. This is particularly advantageous when purchasing multiple slabs for large projects, matching backsplashes, or kitchen islands. Another benefit of solid surface material is that it only weighs 5 pounds per square foot compared to 18 to 20 pounds per square foot of granite and 16 to 23 pounds per square foot of quartz. Dekton Countertops. Now let’s find out, “what are quartz countertops made of?”. The durability of this engineered stone ensures that it remains beautiful and flawless for years to come, even in high-traffic areas. It’s one of the earth’s most abundant minerals, so it’s readily available, reducing its environmental impact as compared to other natural stones. 1. Installing a quartz countertop is a straightforward process and can be completed in a few hours, depending on the design and size, and you can use it right away. Types of Countertops. We have been serving Richmond with custom countertops for over 20 years. Marked by dark and light grays and warmer-toned highlights, Gray Mist adds sweeping movement and natural beauty in any space. Moonstone (Quartz) ₱ 6,200 per sqm. Here’s an overview of the best solid surface countertops. We seek surfaces that are durable, functional, safe and reliable. Look for discount/clearance. Today, Silestone is sold in over 80 countries and has become one of the leading brands of engineered quartz countertops in the world. 35 Home Design Trends on the Rise in 2023. No sealing required. Visit our website for more information on our countertops and browse our current selection. Create a rustic aesthetic by pairing this countertop with. Wipe with a soft rag and mild dish soap. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"":{"items":[{"name":"css","path":"css","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"fonts","path":"fonts","contentType. 35 Home Design Trends on the Rise in 2023. We offer a wide range of sleek and modern quartz countertop options to choose from. In addition, a nearby outlet makes it ideal for laptops and tablets. Square foot pricing does not include sink cut-outs, custom edge profiles, demolition, plumbing, backsplash, material waste, or adding support. The prices shown above are for the slabs and installation alone; you can expect to be charged. While quartz countertops cost less than real. These featured. Above, black shalestone countertops by Formica Group deliver a deep charcoal gray color, patterned with black accents in a high-resolution laminate. Incredibly durable, granite is a long-lasting countertop pick. VSB Group is an exporter and distributor of the finest natural and engineered stones in India. Create the perfect eye-catching accent piece by using this white quartz color on a colorful kitchen island. Make your Cambria® dream kitchen a reality. At just 10 years old, Dekton countertops are one of the newer options on this list, but their high durability and heat resistance are second to none. Natural stone coming soon. Granite Corian Solid Surface . Solid Surfaces NY offers excellent countertop installation services in Rochester, NY & Buffalo, NY. Granite Countertops (average cost per square foot): Common colors: $40 – $60; Exotic or rare colors: $60 – $100; Premium or luxury colors: $100 – $200+ 2. Dekton countertops aren't as time-tested as materials like marble, copper, terrazzo, and porcelain, but their durability is making its mark on the industry. In addition to countertops, granite is an ideal material for backsplashes, kitchen island tops and other surfaces. com is BC homeowner's first choice for quality and. 2. Unlike laminate countertops, modern quartz countertops both look and feel like natural stone. On our site, there are some of the best quartz countertop brands. Quartz is harder than granite, very beautiful, and durable. Though most of the countertop is comprised of quartz, up to 15% of the countertop may be resin and color pigments. Quartzite. • Granite. Quartz is undeniably one of the best countertop materials available in terms of both appearance and durability. Leathered Finish: Another option for a dramatic and one-of-a-kind look is a leathered finish. If your heart is set on a manufactured countertop like quartz or recycled glass, talk to the. This example combines Victorian design with a modern look. Quartz stone is a material based on natural quartz and synthetic resins. In addition to countertops, granite is an ideal material for backsplashes, kitchen island tops and other surfaces. Cambria holds the distinction of being the world's only quartz countertop company founded on the most unlikely item: cheese. This is the classic, luxurious profile for stone countertops and other horizontal applications, including tabletops, bar tops, stairs, shelves, and more. The most common material for countertops is natural stone. Each piece has a different veining, and is beautiful in its own way. In the next decades, granite has played a significant role in global. With an extensive selection of colors, patterns, and textures, quartz allows you to create a kitchen that perfectly complements your personal style and enhances the overall ambiance of the space. It looks fantastic and performs better than granite. DO NOT FORGET ABOUT SAMPLES. In short, whatever the countertop is made of has become an investment. At Aurastone, their mission is to help you complete the perfect heart for your home, starting with the focal point of every kitchen -the countertop. Then there are all the different design options, like the amount of veining you'd like for your hotel reception counters. You do not want water to get. Solid surface usually costs less than quartz or granite countertops, at about $50 to $80 per square foot, installed. The countertop material is mold- and mildew-resistant. Wood tops come polyurethaned or sealed with oil. Contact Us. Kitchen countertops must be functional, but they can also add style to your kitchen. Granite is one of the stones that can withstand the maximum heat, which is around 500 degree Fahrenheit. While many manufacturers have similar products, keep in mind that not all quartz countertops are the same. However, for the ultimate balance of beautiful natural stone and easy-maintenance manufactured materials, quartz is the one to choose. 4. Solid surface countertops are also available in a wide variety of colors and styles. We are engaged in trading and exporting an exclusive range of White Quartz Counter Top. Solid surface is softer and can be damaged when using knives to cut or chop directly on the surface. 2. Pietra Quartz by Silestone is a very popular white countertop that resembles the look of marble. Fit the #220 sandpaper on the sander. , Suite 303. 08 of 12. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Jared Kuzia. The company started in 1987. When you hear about solid surface, one thing comes to mind; sturdy and stable base. Raphael Stone is one of the leading manufacturers of quartz countertops. The total number of quartz slabs used in countertops determines the cost, and the typical space that quartz slabs cover in counters is 48 square feet. Every Lakeside Surfaces countertop comes standard with a limited 1-year warranty on top of the manufacturer’s warranty. Solid surface countertops pair well with patterned cabinets. Premium Natural Quartz Frost White: In this project. This spacious kitchen design in Yardley is a bright, open plan space bathed in natural light from the large windows, doors, and skylights. Premium Natural Quartz Frost White: In this project we installed Premium Natural Quartz Frost White with 1-1/2" Mitered edge over grey cabinets. Top 5 beautiful Quartz Countertops from VSB Surfaces Jun 23, 2022 No more next content Insights from the community. The white quartz material gets its marble appearance due to the black, white, and grey veins that move throughout the stone. Quartz weighs about 6. VSB Group is one of the largest exporters of #granite from India. Indian granite colors: Top 10 best granites from VSB SURFACES Jan 17, 2023 Granite exports in Ongole. Create a rustic aesthetic by pairing this. 25,000 to 500,000. The most beautiful designs are those which contain multiple features of multiple colours combined in one piece. Cultured GraniteEngineered quartz has become a popular option for kitchen and bathroom upgrades for several reasons. Solid surface is easy to clean, stain resistant, and hard enough to resist ordinary scratching. Avoid strong solution cleaners, bathroom tubs & tile cleaners- The powder and creamy cleaning agents of such nature contain small abrasives that have the power to dull or. White quartz countertop costs an average of $65 per square foot. One of the main benefits of quartz countertops is that they are extremely durable. Choose a light color to bring out the soft tones in the cabinets and pair with an interesting faucet to tie the look together. If you live in the Syracuse area, call 585-292-5340 for prompt, reliable service. Calacatta Vittoria, Carrara Blanco, Carrara Fina. Average Cost of Quartz Countertops. Quartz worktops are made from engineered stone, formed by a combination of ground quartz, resins and polymers to create a very solid material. When compared to Quartz, marble is not very long-lasting in terms of its use. Trend #5. Some of the quartz counter manufacturers available from Marble. Square foot pricing does not include sink cut-outs, custom edge profiles, demolition, plumbing, backsplash, material waste, or adding support. It has a high variation of veining throughout the surface, similar to that found in marble. Here are 25 beautiful granite countertops ideas and designs: 1. Quartz countertops cost roughly the same as granite. Hence it is considered one of the most sustainable countertop options. $4,700. our customer support team is always on hand for any questions. 2. One of the most popular choices of countertops in kitchens (and bathrooms), quartz is a non-porous, low-maintenance and long-lasting surface. Caesarstone's Classico series is one to be reckoned with, and Piatra Grey is a soapstone look-alike with a punch. You can warm up New River White by adding pops of teal and yellow (or your favorite vivid tone) on window treatments or rugs. Gray Nuevo Granite. Santamargherita’s quartz and marble surfaces have been developed for a wide range of applications, including exquisite kitchen counter tops and backsplashes. 4 New Marble Look Quartz Countertops From MSI. 60 per square foot ($739 sheet cost plus $89 shipping). Imperial Coffee granite is a consistent brown granite with hints of white. That’s it! Just a small squirt on a wet soft cloth is all you need to wipe up your quartz countertops and keep them clean. (Photo Credit: Houzz) When it comes to countertop surfaces, you have a wide variety of choices. Caesarstone quartz countertops feature as much as 90%. Imagine walking into a gorgeous reception area with this beautiful Calacatta Leon Gold™ quartz countertop stealing the show. Top 5 beautiful Quartz Countertops from VSB Surfaces Jun 23, 2022 Granite – It’s Uses For Flooring and Kitchen:. The granite material is rated a 4. If being creative is important to you, you should consider how adaptable each form of countertop. Blue and White Kitchen in Yardley. The surface is hard, much like quartz countertops. Top 5 beautiful Quartz Countertops from VSB Surfaces Jun 23, 2022 Granite – It’s Uses. Dramatic and bold, black quartz delivers a sophisticated look that’s stunning on floors, countertops, and other design accents. This means you can feel safe and secure installing it in your kitchen or bathroom, regardless of how much wear and tear you throw at it. Its role as a premium material has largely been taken over by quartz and solid granite, but solid surface is still a very good material that offers a unique blend of performance, appearance, and economy. Solid Surface. But there are new materials worth exploring, as well as a bevy of edge profiles and other. Benefits of using Quartz Durability, availability, and versatility are some of the top benefits of Quartz countertops. In 2023, many people will be choosing Calacatta quartz for their home remodel. Don't Put Off Until Tomorrow What You Can Afford to Remodel Today. Just a soft sponge or dishcloth and a gentle. Resin is used as a binder (4-9%). Top 5 Tile Trends 2023: Irresistible Kitchen and Bath Styles. Dekton is a fairly new solid surface countertop material made by Cosentino that is created by a mixture of porcelain and glass that is then treated with heat and pressure to create a completely non-porous, heat-proof, stain-proof surface. It may also cost more than granite because its hardness makes it more difficult to fabricate. The owner of this kitchen used a great mix of browns and black for their granite countertop that has straight edges. vscode","path":". Their collection of 38 unique quartz surfaces follows the same trend of being clean and modern. Porcelain is stain, heat, and scratch resistant, is often manufactured locally, and is available in sizes that can bring costs down to $20 per square foot. Expect to see all these types of sinks as part of 2023 kitchen countertop trends. Its scratch and stain resistance, along with low maintenance needs, make it a practical choice. Concrete is no different, but due to the difficulty of installation, it can add $400 or more to the cost of the countertop. New River White Granite. White Arrow. Quartz has a sealant mixed in with the material during manufacturing, which means you won't need to worry about applying new sealant every few months. San Antonio: (210) 487-0255. For a comfortable seating area, you’ll need an overhang of 12 to 15 inches, and quartz needs less additional overhang support than many other types of countertop material. This quartz countertop features a lovely neutral base with subtle white veining to create dimension and interest. Non – porous: As a non porous surface quartz has an impermeable barrier to water, staining, and bacteria, which leads to an extremely sanitary surface for kitchens and bathrooms alike. Knowing this, it's easy to see why quartz countertops are at the top of their lists. If you live in the Syracuse area, call 585-292-5340 for prompt, reliable service. However, this is greatly depending on the brand and Quartz slab of choice, thicknesses and quality rating. In some families, kitchen countertops double as work surfaces for business and school assignments. The large, solid slabs create a minimalist look that is ideal for contemporary to transitional designs. Quartz countertops never have to be sealed, unlike granite, marble, and other surfaces that require regular maintenance. On the other hand, quartz weighs in about two pounds heavier per square foot, which provides a more. Whereas marble contains calcite and/or dolomite, making it softer. Sand the Surface Twice. “Imagine a surface that’s as durable as it is beautiful. Quartz stone is a material based on natural quartz and synthetic resins. Shop. Available ready to install with attached under mount sink (or order sink separately) Cost (relative to other countertop materials): High. Our reputation for exceptional quality, outstanding customer service, and incredible reliability. Stains and smudges are less visible. Eased, beveled, rounded, and mitered (or straight) edges are commonly available. Quartz countertops, on the other hand, are man-made using natural quartz minerals. Heat. 3. Scratches and minor nicks can be sanded down with an oscillating sander and fine-grit sandpaper. In this vanity top we did 3cm Eased edge. The manufacturer mixes the ground quartz with 5-10% resin or other polymers to create a durable, hard surface. ! 1. Modern homeowners have a discerning eye for style, and they're prioritizing surfaces and finishes that are modern, elegant, and built to last. Calacatta Arno. MSI's Top 10 Lumaluxe Quartz Countertop Colors. The seamless blending of colors and swift. Solid Surface adds ease to every day with reliable durability, impact resistance, and nearly effortless maintenance. Each of these manufacturers offers a wide selection of quartz products that can fit into any kitchen style. ft. Solid Surface Corian vs. Particularly striking solid slices of old growth timber can cost twice as much as butcher block tops. The durable slab will hide dirt more easily than a white or neutral countertop. Continue to 5 of 8 below. Follow these tips to keep your countertops beautiful and hopefully stain free! For more ways to stay on top of home maintenance, check out our Home Care Guide tips. . Meghan. In addition to new black kitchen countertops, a great way to add to the look is by installing a stylish backsplash. In this next picture we watch a counter where we installed Stone Mall Pure White Quartz over White cabinets. Q Premium Quartz never needs sealing; it is durable and manufactured to last a lifetime. This countertop option pairs perfectly with a kitchen or bathroom using warm gold or brass fixtures and hardware throughout the space — tying in. Clean surfaces. “Quartz is a manmade stone that is composed of roughly 80% to 93% natural material mixed with pigments and resins, making it a very durable and low-maintenance option,” Kaercher says. Quartz countertops combine the strength and beauty of natural quartz with high-performance, stain-resistant polymers resulting in a smooth, non-porous surface that resists stains and never needs to be sealed. 1. Inspiration is a click away! Visit one of our local countertop galleries to see and experience our beautiful quartz. The countertop of this unit collects a lot of dust, and it’s quite difficult to maintain a wooden top while cleaning it with a damp cloth. VSB Group is one of the largest exporters of #granite from India. The first step of making a granite slab is to mine the raw granite materials out of the earth. Unlike laminate, quartz has a deep, almost three-dimensional appearance, much like natural stone. Unlike laminate, quartz has a deep, almost three. Black Galaxy Granite is an excellent choice for countertops, offering a luxurious and elegant look to any kitchen or bathroom. 4. 1. The large, solid slabs create a minimalist look that is ideal for contemporary to transitional designs. Q Premium Natural Quartz from MSI offers the best of both worlds—beauty and function. Its hardwearing and moisture-resistant qualities help keep it looking newer for longer, making it an investment feature for any space. Here are a few ideas for your kitchen: 1. Quartz is a material that can closely resemble other types of natural stone. As a matter of fact, its demand has continued to rise over recent years. Every surface must be beautiful, functional, and stand the test of time. This countertop looks fabulous with white kitchen cabinets. Quartz countertops are relatively bactericidal and easy to keep. However, while marble, granite, and limestone make beautiful natural stone surfaces for counters, they also have some significant drawbacks. Our Limestone Looks echo the ancient rock form, delivering its timeless, rugged beauty – and it’s guaranteed to stay just as beautiful for years to come. 1. The white cabinetry and Cashmere Oro quartz countertops also add to the airiness of the large kitchen, and the thicker quartz slab on the island with its soft whites, barely-there veining, and detailed edge add a subtle design touch. In the ongoing quartz vs granite debate, the Calacatta Ida definitely gives the former an edge. While you can cut out the hole for the sink and install the sink after you've installed the countertop, it's easier to do it before. For example, you can pick up an attractive Formica granite in 30 inches x 145 inches x 0. Pental Quartz is composed of 90% natural. Granite for Bathrooms. Indian granite colors: Top 10 best granites from VSB SURFACES Jan 17, 2023. The first form of granite after mining is a very rough form. Silestone surfaces are now more beautiful and more sustainable than. Step 2 The natural quartz is carefully weighed to get about 90 percent quartz content. It has great smooth surfaces that are a good balance of beautiful and strong. Gray Lagoon Quartz features swirls of gray and gold on a white background, a beautifully neutral scheme that pulls together other design elements. Quartz. Using powerful machines, a mining company mines, and blasts raw granite out of the quarry. 5 ft. Made from solid and engineered wood, it features a molded top and feet, with window-pane paneling and traditional accents. Black Pearl: It’s so perfect. When comparing two brands or patterns, make sure they are both the same thickness. VSB Natural Stone Granite is an igneous rock mainly consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, which is formed by the solidification of magma under conditions of extreme heat and pressure, making it one of the hardest stones in the world. Countertops made from these stones are costly, porous, and prone to staining if proper maintenance and care aren't given. A flat $30 shipping fee will apply. Remember that one of the benefits of quartz over marble countertops is its low maintenance. When compared to quartz countertops, the solid surfaces are not as hard as quartz since they are prone to scratches. Choose between square, curved, or rounded edges for your quartz outer edges. Rustic Noir Solid Surface Kitchen Sink. Raphael Stone offers a wide selection of both countertop and. Match this on a vanity top with sleek brushed chrome faucets. Because quartz is an engineered surface made from crushed stone and a polymer resin, it behaves differently. Indian granite colors: Top 10 best granites from VSB SURFACES Jan 17, 2023 Is Quartz Granite natural or engineered stones. While all three materials are tough, quartz is non-porous and less susceptible to staining or etching from acidic substances. Thickness. Browse our vast design palette of quartz colors to see how Cambria quartz countertops can add innovative style to any space. Sparkling Black Quartz. Design: Urban Habitat One of the biggest advantages to solid surface countertops is that it is extremely malleable, meaning you can avoid visible joints and seams which isn’t possible with other materials like granite, marble or quartz. Visit Wilsonart’s website to learn more about this stunning solid-surface. Your best choices are natural stone, concrete or tile. Once you receive your quartz slab, fit it on the countertop by placing each slab on the installation area. Always ensure that the countertop is free of any food crumbs. 1. Why Use Quartz For An Island Countertop? Quartz offers a convenient way to bring a luxurious look to a space without the typical concerns accompanying luxe items. Lee Wallender Updated on 02/25/23 When you're looking for a kitchen countertop that looks great, returns excellent resale value, performs well, and resists heat, you may find yourself torn between two. We work with some. While it might be cheaper upfront, paying for. 5-12. If you thought you wanted a dark granite with subtle variations, this finish offers the same look for considerably less. This non-porous, engineered. Most people do it at least once a. Ultra-clean and hygienic, this is a surface you can feel great about your entire. While it is relatively cheaper, bear in mind that the installation cost may be costly. com include Caesarstone, Venastone, Pental Quartz, Cambria and many other top quartz countertop brands. This can be done as often as needed. Struggles with tough stains. For the most part, quartz countertops run on average $70 – $80 without installation per sq. Available in a wide range of colors and patterns, quartz typically ranks close in popularity to the perennial top. Quartz is an extremely durable choice, but because of its resin, heat can cause permanent discoloration, white spots and damage to quartz.